Patterns of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages and prevalence of lifestyle risk factors in a nationally representative iranian population study

Patterns of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages and prevalence of lifestyle risk factors in a nationally representative iranian population study. Download PDF Abstract Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome contributes substantially to mortality and places a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Despite the high prevalence of cardiac, renal, and metabolic disorders in Iran, nationally representative data describing the CKM stage distribution and associated unhealthy lifestyle factors are lacking.

We aimed to investigate the national pattern of CKM stages and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among Iranian adults. This secondary analysis used data from the 2021 STEPS survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular risk indicators were presented across CKM stages (0–4).

Geographical variations in stage distribution were also assessed. Categorical variables were presented as weighted percentages with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 16,208 participants aged ≥ 25 years were analyzed.

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