They may not deliver the highest efficiency, but absorption refrigerators have earned a persistent place in camper vans and industrial plants thanks to a few distinct advantages: they can operate …. 3D Printed Einstein-Szilard Refrigerator Cools with Fire. It can be a bit hard to understand their working principles, though, which is why [Ben Krasnow] built a transparent Einstein-Szilard refrigerator.
Most absorption refrigerators use ammonia and water as their working fluids; since the ammonia gas needs to condense at room temperature, the refrigerator requires pressures above what can be comfortably held in a glass or plastic enclosure. The Einstein-Szilard design, by contrast, uses a third liquid as its refrigerant. A strong solution of ammonia in water is separated by boiling, and the ammonia gas induces the refrigerant to evaporate by decreasing its partial pressure.
The refrigerant and ammonia gasses then mix with water, in which the ammonia dissolves, leaving the refrigerant vapor to condense and start the cycle again. The newly reformed water-ammonia solution flows back into the boiler. The refrigerant is usually butane, but since [Ben] was powering this pressurized system with an open flame, he opted instead for nonflammable perfluoropentane.
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